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Selon le journal de Henry Nase:
“1st January 1783 – Lay’d at Anchor, in Sight of the Light House, all New Years day -
3d. Jany. 1783 - Arrived safe in the Harbour. To the great joy of all the passengers & seamen, in the Fleet -
4th. Jany. 1783 - We landed at Brooklyn and marched immediately to Flushing Fly -
20th. January 1783 - A General Court Martial Assembled at the City Hall, in New York. Captains DePeyster & Ens. McCan are brought before it -
23d. Janv. 1783 - This day is set apart for public Thanksgiving, by Proclamation -
26th. Janv. 1783 - The King's Amern. Regt. Is mustered by Colo. Winslow -”
Les Feuilles d’appel du KAR et de la compagnie du capitaine Attwood existent pour cette date mémorable et on y retrouve le nom de Philip Long, notre ancêtre. Philip est enregistré comme le sixième soldat de la compagnie, et il est indiqué qu’ill était “On guard in New Town”.
Flushing Fly 6th. Feby. 1783 - Nothing Occurs here worthy of Notice, the weather is very unsettled & dirty, there is plenty of Court Martials, which causes more trouble than otherways would happen, and many prizes are brought into New York, as also a Continuation of the reports of peace &c. -
16th. Feby. 1783 - by Mrs. Fitzgerald A Confirmation, that the Rebels are to have Independency -
20th. Febv. 1783 - I was this day visited by my brother William -
4th. March 1783 – The Kings’s Amer. Regt. Mustered and Inspected -
8th. Apl. 1783 - This day I was in Genl Orders, on the British Establishment -
17th. May 1783 - Colo. Winslow, Colo DeLancey and Major Barclay, set out on their Tour to Hallifax -
26th. May 83 - Majr Murray Arrives from St Johns River
28th. May 83 - M. Murray goes to Hallifax
6th. June 1783 - Cols. Winslow & DeLancey, Majs. Barclay and Murray, returned this day from Hallifax - we are at present, ready for St. Johns, waiting only for the Passage -
10th July 1783 - The Agents go up St Johns river
18th. July 1783 - Wrote Majr Coffin & my brother at N. York per the Two Sisters, Capt. Brown
20th. July 1783 - The agents return, from exploring the River
3d. Augt. 83 - Wrote Capt. Attwood, at New York
18th. Septr. 83 - The fleet is said to be in the Bay
The arrival in Saint-John of the KAR along with tens of thousands of other Loyalists was an extraordinarily complex and difficult even. Philip Long arrived with his Regiment, most likely on the King George, at the end of September (between the 23-30th). Source: Donald Long, Ester Clarke Wright. |
La compagnie du capitaine Attwood était de la partie lors du transport de toutes ces troupes de Charlestown à New York. Nous savons que les troupes se sont retrouvés dans un endroits appelés Flushing Fly ou Flushing qui est sur l’ile de Long Island.
We do not have Muster Rolls for the KAR for this March 4th day.
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July 7, 1784—Hugh Finlay is appointed Deputy Postmaster General of the Province of Canada in North America on 7 July, 1784. Finlay would play an important part in the future development of the Post Office and certainly had a major impact on the life of Philip Long.
July 17, 1784—David Higginbotham, Indian courier, receives from Sir Frederick Haldimand the rights to a large tract of land at the head of Lake Temiscouata for the purposes of having a permanent establishment to help travelers as they enter or exit the Poratage of Canada. This deed was given as a reward for the work that Higginbotham had done as a courier during the Revolution for the carrying of the British Mail. It would later be claimed that this deed had been given in error since it was taken directly from the Seignory of River du Loup which was owned by Sir James Murray at the time that Haldimand gave the deed to Higginbotham. Later, Long’s Place would be created from the same land and building foundations.
Octroi de Haldimand à Higgenbotham - 1784
September 15, 1784—Granting of two acres of land to Philip Long in Fredericton. Dated Fort Ann on the River St. John, 15th September, 1784, an approval for a grant of two acres to each memorialists, for the Land they are now actually upon.
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The text of the actual memorial can be read by clicking on the year 1784.
Given that Philip was still in the vicinity and was able / willing to receive his two acres of land at Ft Ann, it is likely that he had stayed in New Brunswick for that first year. That would have meant that Philip survived one of the harshest and deadly winters that Loyalists ever faced. Their conditions were extremely difficult and many of them died in that first winter. To date, no documents have been found beyond these to allow further deductions of what Philip was doing and where he was living. |
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We do not have any information about the whereabouts of Philip in this year but the establishment of the Post Office in Fredericton might have been an important event for our ancestor. Further, in 1786, Philip will sign a memorial on behalf of Captain Attwood which to us means that he clearly was at the very least still accessible to his former colleagues to take part in signing personally this memorial. At the other extreme, he was living still in the vicinity of Frederiktown or even perhaps at a location close to his future grant in Canterbury. |
A Post Office is established in Fredericton, New Brunswick.
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July 12, 1786—Memorial on behalf of Captain Isaac Atwood for the possession of an Island on the St-John River near Woodstock. |
It appears to us that there is a high likelihood that Philip Long resided continuously in the vicinity of Frederiktown or at the very least in New Brunswick between the day he was decommissioned with his regiment and the date of signing this memorial to Captain Attwood. |
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August 17, 1787 - Grant of one hundred and ninety six acres of land near Canterbury, New Brunswick.
Decommissioned with his regiment, Philip Long was offered lots 49 and 50 of 121 in the vicinity of Canterbury (Woodstock, NB) on August 17, 1787. He refused this grant of 196 acres of land and instead decided to / or continued to serve as a courier for the Royal mail between Quebec and Halifax.
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Not accepting a grant of land was not uncommon given the requirements to maintain the grant (i.e. requirements to clear a certain amount every year for a period of time). |
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Following a trip through New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, Hugh Finlay, at the request of Lord Dorchester, Governor of Quebec, reports on the state of the roads and postal service between Québec and Halifax. He discovers that the principal impediment to an efficient service lies in the divided responsibilities between the provinces for the maintenance of the postal service. The system in one province is independent of the other; hence Finlay finds that the Deputy Postmasters General for New Brunswick and Nova Scotia argue constantly over the issue of responsibility for the deficiencies in the postal service. He concludes that a successful postal service has to be directed by one person, and that correspondence between the provinces is not of sufficient volume to meet expenses. Unless frequent mails are exchanged at Halifax, the service between Halifax and Québec will have to be discontinued. Dorchester accepts Finlay’s proposals and forwards them to England. On 5 April 1788, Finlay is rewarded with a new commission appointing him Deputy Postmaster General of the Province of Canada, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, and, beginning in March 1788, the General Post Office arranges for packet boats running between Falmouth, England, and New York to stop at Halifax.
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By the Constitutional Act of 1791 of the British Parliament (31 Geo.III [1791], c.31), the Province of Quebec is divided into Upper Canada and Lower Canada. This division continues until 1841, when the Union Act unites the two provinces as the Province of Canada.
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December 6, 1792—Philip Long marries Marie-Julie Josephte Couillard-Després at Holy Trinity Anglican Church in Quebec City on December 6, 1792. The ceremony was officiated by David Francis of Mortmollin, rector, and the witnesses were David Higginbotham (merchant), Andrew Johnston (cooper) and Murdoch Mackenzie (cooper). This church is the oldest Anglican church outside of the British Isles, and was built on a piece of land donated by the King of France to the Franciscan Order on May 8, 1681. The current church (built between 1800-1804) is the second one on that land since the first was destroyed by fire in 1796. |
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March 6, 1794 —Birth of Marie-Julie Long . She would die on April 25, 1795.
We know based on Church records that Philip and Marie-Julie Long resided at l’Ile Verte, Quebec from 1795-1799. |
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November 24, 1795—Birth of Marie-Judith Long. She was baptized at l’Ile Verte, Quebec. There are no other records for this year.
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Philip Long and his family reside at l’Ile Verte, Quebec between 1795-1799.
February 6, 1797—Purchase of a piece of land by Philip Long from Joseph Fraser at Notre Dame du Portage on February 6, 1797.
April 6, 1797—Birth and death of an anonymous child on April 16, 1797. We do not know the gender of the child.
The name of Phillip Long appears in the records office in Rivière-du-Loup under courier-farmer. His residence is at the northern extremity of the portage from Lac Temiscouata.
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November 28, 1798—Sale of the same piece of land to Michel Nadeau in front of A. Dionne, notary, on November 28, 1798. This piece of land is located at Notre Dame du Portage. Birth of Constance Long on March 31, 1798. She was baptized at l’Ile Verte, Quebec. |
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January 1, 1799—David Higginbotham puts his land for sale—this is the same acreage that Philip Long and his family will occupy in 1807.
"To Be Sold By Private Sale or Let, Two Hundred and Fifty Arpens at the end of the new road at Lake Temiscouata, with a good House and ftable. There is about twenty Arpents of clear land, an it is an excellent psft for the Indian trade. Alfo, a Lot of Land four Arpents in front by forty In depth, fituate in the Seigniory of River du Loup and parifh of River des Caps, bounded in front by the River St. Lawrence, on the South weft fide by the lands of Benjamin Michaud, and on the North eaft fide by the lands of the widow Nedo; there is on the premifes a good Log-houfe well finished with five appartments on the firft floor, a good cedar ftable build laft fall; it is the beft place in the province fo the Indian trade. For particulars apply to David Higginbotham on the premifes at River des Caps, who will inform them of the price and conditions of late.
River des Caps, 12th December, 1788." Gazette du Québec, Janvier 1, 1789, Numéro 1220.
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Hugh Finlay leaves the Post Office in disgrace.
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September 28, 1800—Birth of Jean-Baptiste Long on September 28, 1800 in St-André of Kamouraska. He was baptized at St-André of Kamouraska. |
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July 9, 1803—Birth of Edouard-Narcisse Long on July 1803 – he died on March 26, 1804 at Quebec City. He was born in Quebec City and baptized at the Note Dame de Quebec Cathedral.
Of interest in this year is a land transaction which takes place away from Philip Long’s residence (likely Quebec City all year) and actually deals with a piece of land which he had been granted but which he never did the necessary improvements to realize on his grant. The record of the transaction is in the New Brunswick Land and Mines Registry and involves a another member of the KAR, Reuben Chase. |
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There are no records for this period but it is assumed that Philip Long and his family are still living in Quebec City and that Philip is carrying on with his career as courrier for the English Mails. |
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March 25, 1805—Birth of Julie Hortanse Long on March 25, 1805. She died on December 20, 1805 in Quebec City. She was baptized in the Notre Dame de Quebec Cathedral. (At birth, her name was Julie while at her death, the register indicates her name as Julie Hortanse)
July 15, 1805— Philip Long signs a receipt to Father Pinet of Kamouraska whereby a certain sum of money is to be given by Philip Long to a sculptor in Quebec City. This receipt was signed in front of Thonas Pitt, Notary. We do not know more about this sculpture or sculptor.
Philip Long and his family are residing in Quebec City. We find his name in the census by Mgr. Plessis under: « Phil Loan, 1 protestant, 4 catholics – 12 St. Ursule «. The four catholics surely included Marie-Julie Couillard-Despres and three children: Marie-Judith Long, Constance Long et Jean-Baptiste Long (Source: Gilles Paillard, Gilles Long).
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October 23, 1806—Birth of Philippe Long (II) at l’Islet, Quebec (birthplace of his mother Marie-Julie Couillard-Després). This means that sometime between July 1805 and October 1806, Philip and his family moved from Quebec City to l’Islet. |
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There are no records for this year.
We believe that the Long family was still living in l’Islet in 1807 given events in 1806 and 1808 (births of Philippe and Emmanuel Long). |
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March 29, 1808—Etienne Michaud is retained on March 29, 1808 as courier for Phlip Long, courrier of Allifax (sic) to ensure the transport of letters and packages between Quebec City and Grand Falls, New Brunswick. Philip Long chose Islet du Bon Secours as his domicile for the purposes of fulfilling this contract.
April 10, 1808—Birth of Emmanuel Long on April 10, 1808 at l’Islet, Quebec. We do not possess any further information on this child or his descendants (if any). |
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July 1809—Philip Long and his family are asked to settle at the northern edge of Lake Temiscouata in July of 1809. He is posted there under the orders of the Postmaster General (Finlay) and Governor Craig. This information comes to us through a letter later written by the Postmaster General, Georges Heriot in 1811.
December 26, 1809—Birth of Georges Long on December 26, 1809. He was born at Lake Temiscouata and baptized in St-Basile, New Brunswick. |
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No known events for this year in Philip and Julie’s life. |
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March 27, 1811—Letter from George Heriot, Postmaster General of Lower Canada, to an unknown recipient, on March 27, 1811, in Quebec City.
April 8, 1811—Birth of Romain (Memen – perhaps for Mailman) on April 8, 1811 at the Lac Temiscouata. He was later baptized at St-Basile, NB.
September 10, 1811—Mgr. Plessis and his group visit and stay the night on September 10, 1811 at Long’s Farm at the Lac Temiscouata.
December 11, 1811—A letter signed by Georges Heriot, Deputy Minister for the Mails, and dated December 11, 1811 mentions Philip Long.
December 16, 1811—Letter from Noah Freer, Military Secretary, to George Heriot, PostMaster General, dated December 16, 1811, at Quebec City.
December 16, 1811—Letter Noah Freer, Military Secretary, to George Heriot, PostMaster General, dated December 16, 1811, at Quebec City. |
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No known events in Philip Long’s life for this year. |
War of 1812 between the British and the United States begins. It would last until 1814. |
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October 8, 1813—Marriage of Constance Long to Pierre Beaudry (Matelot) on October 8, 1813 at St-Roch, Quebec.
December 2, 1813—Birth of Suzanne Long on December 2, 1813 at Lac Temiscouata. She was baptized at St-Basile, NB.
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March 6, 1814—The 104th Regiment from New Brunswick stays the night at Long’s Farm on March 6, 1814. They were on their historic march where all 500 men of the regiment walked in winter conditions for 375 miles from Fredericton to Quebec City – without losing a single man – and then onward to Kingston, Ontario. This march took place during the hostilities of the 1812 War with the American States. The arrival of the Regiment is credited by many historians as key factor in deterring further incursions by the American forces further North and thereby possibly changing the course of the War in Britain’s favour.
April 1814—The Governor General George Prevost stopped over at Long’s Farm on his trip from Quebec City to Saint-John. He was on his way to London, England to defend his job. This would have been in April, 1814. |
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May 9 , 1815—Marriage between Marie-Judith Long and Jacques Bezeau on May 9, 1815 at the Notre Dame de Quebec Cathedral.
November 18, 1815—A terrible crop year descended on the Long family in Lake Temiscouata and Philip found himself writing a letter seeking help from Governor General Drummond, a man he says he knew. It is likely he met him when Sherbrooke was the commander of the newly created regiment after the landings in Saint-John in 1783.
November 20, 1815—Letter from C. Foster, Military Secretary, to William Henry Robinson, Esquire, Commissary General, on November 20, 1815, Quebec City.
Date Unknown—Visit from Joseph Bouchette, Surveyor General for Canada. This trip led to his lithograph of Long’s Farm which he included in his book on page 556 on the Topography of Canada published in 1815.
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July 31, 1816—Letter from George Heriot, Deputy Minister to the Post Office for Lower Canada, to Lieutenant-Colonel Addison, Military Secretary, July 31, 1816, at Quebec City. This letter is precious because we learn from Heriot's own hand that Philip Long had lost an eye in the service (we presume military service). There is no mention of the circumstances of this accident. No further information is available to tell more about the incident that caused such a handicap.
September 4, 1816—Letter from Philip Long to Lord Sherbrooke, September 4, 1816, at Lake Temiscouata. Philip Long defends himself against a number of accusations against him, with respect to having detained the Mails and having refused to transport certain provisions belonging to other colonists. These accusations were assessed by the most senior personnel in the Post Office and were found groundless.
October 10, 1816—Letter from Colonel Addison, Military Secretary, to H. Cowan, Esquire, Deputy Minister of the Post Office for Quebec, October 10, 1816, at Quebec City. This letter from Addison contains comments on the reputation of our ancestor. It is mentioned that he had always had a conduct beyond reproach.
October 29, 1816—Declaration by François Robichaud concerning the accusations against Philip Long on the alleged delay of the English Mails, October 29, 1816, at Rivière du Loup. Witness: Joseph Robichaud.
October 29, 1816—Declaration by Henry Tardie concerning the accusations against Philip Long on the alleged delay of the English Mails, October 29, 1816, at Rivière du Loup. Witness Joseph Robichaud.
October 29, 1816—Declaration by Charles Beaulieu concerning the accusations against Philip Long on the alleged delay of the English Mails, October 29, 1816, at Rivière du Loup. Witness Joseph Robichaud.
October 31, 1816—Letter by Andrew McPhair, Deputy Minister of the Post Office for Fredericton, to H. Y. Cowan, Deputy Minster of the Post Office for Quebec, October 31, 1816. This letter again defends Philip Long's character. Cowan indicates that for all the years that he has known Long, he would not believe him capable of such a misstep. |
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There are no known events for this year in the life of Philip and Julie Long. |
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March 18, 1818—Contract for the sale of land between Long, Bouchette and Fraser, dated March 18, 1818. This contract for sale between Philip Long, Joseph Bouchette, Surveyor General of Canada, and Alexander Fraser, Seigneur of the Lake Temicousate Seigneury, probably represents the final surrender of Philip Long to all real or perceived claims he might have made owing to his long service and improvements to the land around the Lake. Bouchette and Fraser have just entered a partnership to create a new town at Cabano, then to be known as Kent. This sale agreement is dated March 31, 1818. In return, Philip is promised lots 1, 2, and 3 as well as two concessions of his choice inside the Seigneury. It is not known which lands or concessions Philip took at that point (if he did at all). Of course, this promise may in itself have led future generations, starving and desperate during the Great Depression of the early 1930's, to be believe that this represented the famous "fortune des Long/Lang". We will never know. In this agreement, Philip renounces all claims on the lands surrounding the lake. IN our view, this act actually closes the chapter of the Fortune des Long/Lang since it seems to us that the valuable lands would have been around the lake, not in some unknown part of the Seigneury. |
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August 10, 1823 — Letter by Major Elliott to the Earl of Dalhousie, Governor General, August 10, 1823, Quebec City. Major Elliott writes a report of his trip along the eastern mail route. It includes a listing of his expenses, including the cost of renting a canoe at Long's landing, and the fact that Jean-Baptiste Long, son of Philip, was hired as a guide and axe man.
September 21, 1823—Letter from Alexander Fraser to Colonel Darling, Military Secretary, September 21, 1823, from lake Temiscouata. We learn from this letter that Fraser had accepted to receive, on their behalf, the payments to pensioners directly. Fraser makes the list of those soldiers stationed along the Portage, and mentions that Philip Long should not probably considered a pensioner like the others since he had been placed there by Sir James H. Craig personally. |
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January 16, 1826—Letter from Alexander Fraser to colonel Darling, Military Secretary, January 16, 1826 at Quebec City. Alex Fraser confirms the list of pensioners on the Lake and that he will receive on behalf ot he pensioners their pensions. In this letter, Fraser confirms that Long had a special status since he had been placed on the Lake directly by the Governor, and was receiving a different payment. As well, Fraser apparently corrects the list that Darling had sent him where he is listed as Luke Long.
January 26, 1826—Letter from Peter Durquand, Commissary General, January 16, 1826, Quebec City, to colonel Darling, Military Secretary. This letter tells us that Durquand needed authority to continue to make the payments to Long of his salary, and this for the whole year, and that William Belanger, Deputy Minister of the Post Office, had been receiving this salary on Long's behalf since Heriot had left his position. |
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January 5, 1827—Letter from Philip Long to Colonel Alexander Fraser, January 5, 1827, at lake Temiscouata. We find out in this letter that Philip owed a certain amount of money to Joseph Michaud, and that he was requesting Alexander Fraser to give Michaud a note for this amount that would be redeemable for merchandise with certain merchants in Canada. WE also find out that Philip had actually sold all of his lands to Fraser, and that Philip was to receive some money from that sale over the course of the next two years. Even without documentation, we can safely assume that the sale of this land had taken place between 1825-1826 at the latest.
Sometime during 1827, Jean-Baptiste Long moved his family and probably his father and mother as well to la petite Décharge (Clair, New Brunswick). We know this from the report made by some American surveyors. |
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January 22, 1828—Marriage of Romain (Memen) Long to Marie-Vitaline Theriault on January 22 1828 at St-Basile, New Brunswick.
Date Unknown—Philip Long moves himself and his family (wife: Marie-Julie, and four kids: Georges, Romain, Suzanne and Michel) to a parcel of land adjacent to a place known locally as “la petite Décharge” (today Clair, New Brunswick – incorporated in 1887). This location is strategic for its military value (it is on the edge of one of the most important navigation routes (River Saint John) and across from the “Décharge” of Fish River today) and also rich with giant white pines exclusively used and « reserved » for building the masts of great ships. This location will become the foyer of all the descendants of the Long-Lang family line that originated from Madawaska and children of Georges, Romain and Michel.
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The Deane and Kavanagh Report, July-August 1831: Survey of the Madawaska
Settlement, Penobscot and Washington Counties (now Aroostook County),
Maine |
The American agents Deane and Kavanaugh prepare a report for the State of Maine describing the geology, demography and development of the disputed regions between the State of Maine and new Brunswick. The report states that Philip Long and his two sons, Georges and Romain (Marmosie) Long, occupy a parcel of land on the north side of the St-John river, and also possess many other lots in the same area since 1828. In this report is also mentioned the story about the act of heroism of Philip Long where he would have taken some mails from the American side and given it to the British.
"Next - North bank is claimed by Philip Long, who is reported to have escaped to the British with an American mail during the Revolution and has since and until a few years ago been employed carrying the English mail from Fredericton to Quebec. He began on the lot in 1828 and now reside there. Next - North bank is claimed by Marmosie Long, who began in 1828. Next - North bank is claimed by Geroge Long, who began in 1828. The last are the sons of Philip and reside on the land." p 10.
"Before the war of 1756, The French government at Canada granted a Seignorie to one D'Anville, a French officer, extending siox miles in vevery direction from Temiscouata lake, which is estimated to be 26 miles long. Homage was done three times at the Castle of St. Louis, according to the terms of the grant. D'Anville sold to Murray the first Governor of Quebec, and the estate has come through sundry mesne conveyances to Alexandre Frazier, who resides at the commencement of the Grand Portage, and has resided there for the past 8 or nine years. The place, where Frazier lives, has been occupied many years by persons, who have been hired to live there, by the British, to aid the transportation of their mail. William Dall, an old British soldier, and two or three other families live on the shore of the lake. Frazier now entertains all who pass that way, free from expenses. He is probable remmerated by the British government. The estate is probable protected to him by the treaties of 1783 and 1794." p. 85
"Simonet Hebert, who lives below, South bank, it is said, purchased of Philip Long, 30 rods front, has an house and barn and 20 acres cleared." p.92. |
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August 28, 1832—Marriage of Suzanne Long to Jacques Hamel on August 28, 1832 at St-Roch de Quebec, Quebec City.
December 25, 1832—Philip Long dies on December 25, 1832 at the age of around 75 years old. He is interred in the Ste-Luce cemetery a few days later. This parish is now in Maine, USA and it is somewhat ironic given his loyalty to and his role in protecting the border interests of the British Crown to be buried on the American side of the border.
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October 22, 1833—Marriage of Philip (II) Long-Laing to Emilie Boucher on October 22, 1833 at the Immaculate Conception Church in Three Rivers, Quebec.
November 1833—"Returns showing the number of Inhabitants in the Settlement of Madawaska". According to Chip Gagnon, “Indeed, the census seems to have been undertaken in November 1833; it was signed by J.A. Maclauchlan, Comissioner, at Fredericton on 3 December 1833, and "laid before the House of Assembly by order of His Excellency" on 13 February 1834 under the name "Mr. MacLauchlan's Report on Madawaska," dated 11 December 1833.”
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January 7, 1834—Marriage between Georges Edouard Long to Adelaïde Caron on January 7, 1834 at St-Basile, New Brunswick. |
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February 27, 1843—Marriage between Michel Long and Emerance Theriault on February 27, 1843 at Cacouna, Quebec. |
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Signing of the Webster-Ashburton Treaty in 1844 which will draw the boundary between Canada and the United States once and for all. |
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October 19, 1847—Marie-Julie Couillard-Després dies on October 19, 1847 at Clair. She was buried in the Ste-Luce Cemetery on October 21, 1847. |
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